On April 15, 1912, the H.M.S.
Titanic struck an ice berg and sank. It was one of the biggest disasters of its
time. In February of 1992 I sat down in the high school library and began my research
on the Titanic, for my senior term paper. Little did I know that I would follow
the Titanic's story from that point onward. I have watched just about every documentary
that has been produced about the disaster. They have always ended with the
questions “Why did the lookouts not see the ice berg until it was too late, and
why did the ship in the distance not render aid?”
In April
of 2012 National Geographic followed Tim Maltin on his journey to test his theories
and try to reconstruct the events that lead up to the disaster,Titanic case closed. What he finds
is that is that the best answer to the mysteries was due to a mirage. Most people think that mirages only happen in
the desert. However, there are also mirages on the open water. They can create
a false horizon line. Sailors call this a soft horizon. Over a great distance a mirage can give the illusion
that a steady light can flicker.
Tim
reviews the survivor testimonials as well as comparing several different captains’
logs from other ships that had been in the area where the Titanic sank. He discovered
that there were several commits about refraction. He concludes that the conditions were perfect
for this soft horizon. The lookouts of
the time used the stars of the night skies to make out the outline of an
iceberg usually giving them enough time to warn the pilot. However, with a soft
horizon the skyline is not where it should be therefore, the lookouts did not
see the iceberg until it was too late.
This soft
horizon made it difficult for a signal light operator to decipher weather a
light in the distance is flashing Morse code or if it’s just the flickering from
the refraction. This was the reason Tim gives for the other ship not coming to
the Titanic’s aid when it was signaled.